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2022年4月11日
新加坡洁净环境峰会2022专访董事会主席王天义：通往无废城市的绿色足迹
——如何打造可持续发展的未来
近日，光大环境董事会主席王天义应新加坡洁净环境峰会2022（CleanEnviro Summit Singapore 2022）邀请接受专访，针对有关无废城市的一系列问题，分享了富有洞见的观点和看法。
专访刊登于新加坡洁净峰会2022官方活动网站。现附上英文专访全文（及对应中文译文），供分享交流。
由新加坡国家环境局举办的新加坡洁净环境峰会2022（CESG 2022）将于2022年4月17-21日在新加坡举办，致力于为全球意见领袖、高级政府官员、监管机构代表、政策制定者及行业领袖提供一个国际化交流平台。
本届峰会以“打造可持续、适应气候条件的城市”（Towards Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Cities）为主题，旨在针对促进循环经济框架、采纳气候适应性政策、维护公共卫生标准等紧迫议题开展探讨交流。相关讨论将围绕推行废物资源化利用、提升卫生标准、促进虫害有效管理、推动可持续能源发展以及进行污染防治五个关键领域邀请与会嘉宾参与深入讨论。
以下为英文专访问答全文
Q: Could you define a zero-waste city?
问：请您定义一下什么是“无废城市”？
A: Although there is no global uniform definition of “zero-waste city”, the one adopted by the Zero Waste International Alliance (ZWIA) is widely recognized - “Zero Waste: the conservation of all resources by means of responsible production, consumption, reuse, and recovery of products, packaging and materials without burning and with no discharges to land, water, or air that threaten the environment or human health”. This can simply translate into “three zeros”, namely: zero abandon, zero landfill and zero incineration, which is an ideal status of zero-waste cities.
答：“无废城市”概念在国际上并无统一定义。一个广受认可的定义来自“无废国际联盟”（ZWIA），即“通过负责任的生产、消费和回收，使所有废弃物重获利用，且这一过程不涉及焚烧处理，也不存在向土壤、水或空气进行有损环境或人类健康的排放”。“无废”可以简单概括为三个零：零丢弃、零填埋、零焚烧。这是“无废城市”的理想状态。
Achieving that will certainly be a long and challenging journey. Considering the current situation and global practices, in my opinion, as long as a city fully reuses and recycles waste and transforms that waste into energy or resources without any impact to environment, it could be considered to have achieved the “zero-waste” target; especially if the cities’ incineration rate is lower than 10%.
达至这一状态将经历一个漫长趋近的过程。基于当前现实与实践，我们认为，如果能够实现废弃物的循环利用，将其转化为能源和资源，同时不影响环境和人类健康，这就是达成“零废”目标，特别是当焚烧占比低于10%的情况下。
Developing zero-waste cities is a tough challenge in the on-going global urbanization process. It is also a development goal promoted by China Everbright Environment Group Limited (“Everbright Environment”).
打造“无废城市”是全球在城市化进程中面临的艰巨挑战，它也是光大环境致力推进的发展目标。
Q: How does a zero-waste city deal with food, water, and plastic waste?
问：一座无废城市如何处理餐厨垃圾、污水和塑料废弃物？
A: A zero-waste city could apply the five Rs to manage food, water, and plastic waste.
答：在一座无废城市，餐厨及厨余、水和塑料废弃物可以遵从五个“R”标准进行管理。
1) Refuse – Refuse to order or use excess food, water, and plastic goods, embracing mindful consumption.
1) 拒绝（Refuse）：拒绝非必需的食物、水和塑料用品，应在消费这类资源用品时多加留心；
2) Reduce – Reduce generation of those waste at the source as much as possible, if the consumption is absolutely needed, such as through renewable packaging or sustainable alternatives.
2) 减量（Reduce）：对于必需的食物、水和塑料用品，最大程度从源头上减少此类垃圾的产生，例如使用可再生包装或具有可持续性用品作为替代；
3) Reuse – Develop a circular reuse process that fully collects waste to achieve its repeated use (i.e. reuse) directly or indirectly, such as glass containers reused by drink shops, or reusing worn-out clothing as rags.
3) 回用（Reuse）：建立循环回用体系，全量收集此类垃圾，并通过直接或间接方式实现重复使用（回用），例如回收利用饮品店的玻璃容器或是重新利用破旧衣物的布料做他用；
4) Recycle – Recycle waste through simple treatment, for example, reusing household wastewater for irrigation after simple filtration, and reusing plastic bottles after cleaning and sterilization.
4) 循环利用（Recycle）：通过简单处理对此类垃圾进行循环利用，例如部分家庭产生的污水经简单处理后用于灌溉，塑料瓶通过清洁消毒后重新使用等；
5) Recover - Extract materials and energy from waste by a relatively more complex treatment process, for example, transforming plastic waste into new raw materials through physical and chemical treatment, and turning food waste into fertilizer with bio composting methods.
5) 恢复利用（Recover）：通过较复杂的处理工艺从此类垃圾中提取相关物质和能量，例如废旧塑料经过物理和化学处理成为新的生产原材料，餐厨垃圾通过生物堆肥制成肥料等。
Q: Industrial waste can include many by-products that we commonly consider unrecyclable or need a lot of processing and handling, like batteries, hazardous chemicals, gases, and sludge. What are some solutions that we can implement to handle these types of waste?
问：我们一般认为，工业废弃物一般包括不可回收或需要大量加工和处理的副产品，比如电池、危险化学品、气体和污泥。我们可以采取哪些方法处理这些废弃物呢？
A: The industrial revolution has brought huge convenience to humans, but it has also generated more and more types of industrial waste. Such waste should be controlled and managed at both the front- and back-end.
答：工业革命给人类生活带来巨大便利，也带来越来越多各类工业废弃物。工业废弃物处理可以从“前端”和“末端”两方面入手。
At the front-end, in designing and manufacturing industrial products, we could use raw materials and production techniques that are less dependent on dwindling resources and less harmful to the environment and human health, such as replacing coal-fired power with clean energy to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions during production, or applying innovative technologies and processes to reduce energy consumption during the manufacturing process.
在前端，我们可以在工业产品的设计和生产过程中，选择降低对不可再生资源的依赖性、对环境健康伤害性更小的原料和工艺，例如以清洁能源替代煤电，减少生产过程中的污染和温室气体排放、通过技术工艺创新降低生产能耗。
At the backend, we need to have clear understanding of the types and characteristics of industrial waste and then tailor a treatment system with appropriate methods for them. For instance, solid industrial waste needs to be sorted and segregated before it can undergo further treatment, but for gaseous waste, small particles need to be removed through physical methods and gaseous pollutants such as dioxins and other gases need to be removed through combustion, through adsorption into solids and various other methods. Each waste must be treated differently to be disposed safely.
针对末端，我们需要对工业废弃物的种类特点有清晰认识，有针对性地制定工业废弃物的处理体系和方法，例如对工业固废先进行分类和物理分拣，再做进一步处理；对工业废气先以物理方式去除小颗粒，再以燃烧、固体吸附等手段去除如二噁英等气态污染物。
Q: What are some of the integrated innovations that can help realize zero-waste cities?
问：目前有哪些综合创新方法可以帮助我们实现打造无废城市的目标呢？
A: Many countries and cities are exploring methods to develop zero-waste cities based on their own unique conditions. I would like to take this opportunity to share an innovative model of Everbright Environment in domestic waste management.
答：全球许多国家和城市都在根据自身情况特点摸索实现“无废城市”目标的方法和路径。我希望借此机会分享一下光大环境在生活垃圾管理方面的创新方法。
Everbright Environment developed a “Five Points in One Line” model for waste treatment, which includes waste sorting directly at the source, then waste collection and transferal, waste sorting and segregation, waste recycling, and treating the unrecyclable waste which is left over. By doing so, our goal is to establish a closed-loop cyclic pathway for municipal waste, so that waste in a city can be firstly reduced at the source, reused as resources, and finally treated in a harmless way to the largest extent possible, thereby helping the city to become a zero-waste city.
光大环境近年来打造了垃圾分类“五点一线”路线，包含从源头进行垃圾分类，涵盖垃圾收转运、分拣和循环利用，以及对无法实现回收再利用的垃圾进行末端处置。我们希望通过该路线，打造一个闭环的城市垃圾循环利用路径，令一座城市最大程度实现垃圾的减量化、资源化和无害化，逐步迈向“无废城市”的目标。
Q: In your opinion, which cities in the world are close to or have achieved the zero-waste ambition? What are the lessons we can learn from them?
问：您认为全球哪些城市最接近或者已经达成了无废目标？我们可以从他们那里吸取什么经验？
A: Some cities are moving close to “zero-waste cities”. Their experience is valuable to us, as it helps us to enhance government policies around waste management and waste management systems and teaches us how to use market-oriented methods to boost recycling rate. Their inspiring stories also help to strengthen public awareness and engagement in waste management.
答：全球有一些城市的垃圾管理水平正逐步接近“无废城市”水平，在强化政府废弃物管理制度体系、利用市场手段提高资源回收效率、提高公众参与废弃物管理意识等方面的相关经验均值得我们学习借鉴。
1) Vancouver, Canada: Since the launch of its first waste management plan in 1995, the city has effectively reduced waste generation through waste sorting and Extended Producer Responsibility approach, with a goal of achieving zero waste landfills and zero waste incineration by 2040.
1) 加拿大温哥华自1995年制定首个废物管理计划以来，通过垃圾分类和生产者责任延伸制度，有效降低垃圾产量，并计划2040年实现垃圾零填埋和焚烧。
2) Kamikatsu, Japan: Making the “Zero Waste Declaration” in 2003 and since then, gradually developing a comprehensive resource recycling system, the village has achieved a recycling rate of over 80% of their waste.
2) 日本上勝町于2003年发布《零废宣言》，并逐渐建立起资源回收利用体系，垃圾回收利用率已超过80%。
China only started developing zero-waste cities in recent years. Considering its circumstances, China is expected to first transform from “more landfill, less incineration” to “less landfill, more incineration” and then evolve to “zero landfill, less incineration”, before achieving the goal of “zero landfill, zero incineration”.
中国的“无废城市”建设近年刚刚起步。考虑到国情，预计中国需要先从“多填埋、少焚烧”转变为“少填埋、多焚烧”，再过渡到“零填埋、少焚烧”，最后实现“零填埋、零焚烧”目标。
Singapore designated 2019 as the Year Towards Zero Waste and launched its inaugural “Zero Waste Masterplan” in the same year, with the objective of becoming a Zero Waste Nation with climate resilience, resource resilience and economic resilience. Singapore has achieved a nearly 100% recycling rate for construction and demolition waste, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and it targets to achieve a 70% overall recycling rate by 2030. I have great hopes that Singapore can make valuable contributions to the world in developing zero waste cities and provide its valuable related experience for other countries and cities to learn.
新加坡将2019年定为“迈向零废弃年”，并于同年发布其首个《零废弃总蓝图》，旨在将新加坡打造成为“零废弃国家”，实现气候韧性、资源韧性、经济韧性。目前新加坡的建筑废料、铁和非铁类金属已达到近100%的再循环率；预计到2030年时整体社会的再循环率可达70％。祝愿新加坡为全球无废城市建设做出宝贵贡献，提供可资借鉴的宝贵经验。
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